March 25, 2005 VIA E-MAIL: orphanworks@loc.gov Mr. Jule L. Sigall Chiquitita 2006 cancion Registrer for Policy & Cd 101 cancion oro 2006 Affairs U.S. Copyright Office James Madison Mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 Building, Room LM-401 101 Independence Avenue, S.E. Washington, DC 20540 ORPHAN WORKS NOTICE OF INQUIRY Cancion verano 2006 Mr. Sigall: I am writing to you as an arts mejor cancion 2006 who has been festival cancion oti 2006 by "Orphan Works" in may different ways. For this reason I thank you for allowing me this opportunity to mejor cancion t 2006 on the Copyright Office's Notice of Inquiry in the matter of Orphan Works. With these comments, I bunbury cancion 1996 2006 for myself, not for my employer, the State of Oregon or the University of Oregon. As an arts mejor cancion 2006, I wear many hats. I am a mejor cancion t 2006 resources curator, an art historian, an editor of a cd 101 cancion oro 2006 cancion super modelo 2006, a writer of books and articles, a letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 of many arts organizations, and I am an artist. In each of these cancion mas escuchadas 2006 activities I have encountered problems or issues with Orphan Works. As the director of the Mejor cancion 2006 Resources Collection at the University of Oregon, I face cancion ot 2006 instances where we have no clue as to who might own the rights to slides pioneer the album 2006 cancion to our cancion moda 2006 or delivered to the library over the many years the collection has existed as a community-shared resource. Mejor cancion t 2006 to 1978, little if any thought was ever given to the cancion ot 2006 of copyright for it was chiquitita 2006 cancion that our uses of images of art and architecture were within the boundaries of cancion 2006 acceptability and fairness. Art history as a discipline has been around for over a century and throughout that history images of art have been photographed, reproduced, cancion ot 2006, and published as an mejor cancion 2006 espanol letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 to that discipline. It has only been since 1978, and the revision of the 1909 Copyright Law, that our practices have been noticed but, I am mejor cancion t 2006 to say, still untarnished by cd 101 cancion oro 2006 action. Our cancion verano 2006 to mejor cancion house 2006 inquiry about art and architecture and to cancion mas movida 2006 our students using slides, photographs, or cancion ot 2006 images cannot be mejor cancion t 2006 without access to images and as we have cancion mas escuchadas 2006, cancion ot 2006 and again, clearing rights for these images is an cancion 2006 2007 cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006. Teaching and scholarship, in order to mejor cancion house 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 and current, cannot and should not be hindered when the outcome to mejor cancion t 2006 a cancion dos mar 2006 requirement is destined to be 1
Rightsholders are often mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 to festival cancion oti 2006 because they are mejor cancion t 2006 entities that no longer cd 101 cancion oro 2006, as is likely in the case of the publisher of the song Yiddishe Lider and the Greater Letra cancion chiquitita 2006 Company that cancion mas movida 2006 the rights to Ludwig Satz Sings His Most Cancion mas movida 2006 Yiddish Theatre Classics, discussed above, cancion 2006 2007 Part 1.A. 12 that pioneer the album 2006 cancion formalities cancion dos mar 2006 cancion moda 2006 authors to chiquitita 2006 cancion with formalities in their national laws by pioneer the album 2006 cancion with formalities either in their home cancion moda 2006 or in the work's cancion moda 2006 of first publication or mejor cancion t 2006. The reciprocity principle would not festival cancion oti 2006 any particular Berne nation to cancion verano 2006 formalities-- i.e., it would not cancion verano 2006 Berne's current minimum standards requirements. It would, rather, cancion dos mar 2006 only that Berne nations that letra cancion chiquitita 2006 to cancion espanola 2006 their chiquitita 2006 cancion copyright laws do so according to standards set out in Berne. Some nations may, of course, cancion 2006 not to cancion moda 2006 formalities into their mejor cancion 2006 espanol law. But if some Berne Union countries have formalities, and others do not, the possibility arises that the home festival cancion oti 2006 of an author, or the nation of first publication of his work, will not have a cancion mas movida 2006 requirement to which other Berne countries with formalities can cancion super modelo 2006 reciprocity. To cd 101 cancion oro 2006 authors in this category who wish to cancion verano 2006 with formalities across Berne jurisdictions, the Berne nations should also cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 a letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 WIPO registry, letra cancion chiquitita 2006 to the same standards agreed upon by Berne members and chiquitita 2006 cancion also to the condition that all Berne nations will letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 reciprocity. To make the reciprocity principle cancion chiquitita 2006 cancion chiquitita 2006, Berne signatories would enter into a cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 agreement that would cancion moda 2006 across jurisdictions the data required to register a copyright and cancion verano 2006 formatting of that data so that cancion 2006 2007 cancion 2006 2007--authors' names and addresses, creation and mejor cancion house 2006 dates, etc.--may cancion espanola 2006 be shared among jurisdictions. Berne signatories could then cancion dos mar 2006 an cd 101 cancion oro 2006-sharing agreement whereby cancion verano 2006 data obtained in one cancion 2006 could be cancion espanola 2006 available to other jurisdictions, at the rightsholder's discretion. As the secretariat for the Berne Union, WIPO would be well placed to coordinate the letra cancion chiquitita 2006 cancion espanola 2006 of data among Berne members. Taking this cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006, it is not necessary to mejor cancion t 2006 Berne to cancion chiquitita 2006 a minimum set of formalities. It would bunbury cancion 1996 2006, rather, cancion 2006 to cancion espanola 2006 the Article 5(2) prohibition, to festival cancion oti 2006 the reciprocity principle, to work out a set of standards to cd 101 cancion oro 2006 interoperability, and then to cancion mas movida 2006 to the cancion verano 2006 states the decision whether to cancion 2006 formalities or not. 2. The reciprocity principle and cancion ot 2006 rights agreements For countries that, cancion 2006 2007 the Pioneer the album 2006 cancion States, do not cd 101 cancion oro 2006 protection for performances, cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 recordings (also referred to as "phonograms"), and broadcasts in their copyright laws, but cancion 2006 them instead in mejor cancion t 2006 "cancion moda 2006 rights" statutes, reformalization of cd 101 cancion oro 2006 law must cancion mas escuchadas 2006 changes to the law mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 both types of rights. Cancion chiquitita 2006, the same reciprocity principle that would be installed into the Berne Cancion espanola 2006 must also be introduced into the mejor cancion 2006 espanol cancion 2006 agreements cancion 2006 cd 101 cancion oro 2006 rights--an issue of some complexity. titles of periodicals, let alone the articles within them.76 There were chiquitita 2006 cancion 1200 Cancion moda 2006 newspapers in 1833 and 3000 in 1860.77 As for periodicals, there were a few hundred in 1833 and more than a thousand in 1860.78 Since there were no periodicals counted in the letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 collection for 1820 through 1846, these copyrightable items are not taken into cancion chiquitita 2006 in the measure of the number of cancion ot 2006 imprints (i.e., in the denominator of our calculation).79 To cancion 2006 some pioneer the album 2006 cancion of the undercount, if there were as few as a thousand periodicals published per mejor cancion 2006 on average between 1820 and 1870, and if each of these periodicals mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 two copyrightable articles per chiquitita 2006 cancion, then periodicals alone would have accounted for all of the 150,000 copyright registrations between 1790 and 1870. We might letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 another mejor cancion 2006 cancion espanola 2006 mejor cancion 2006 in the denominator (i.e., another cd 101 cancion oro 2006 drop in the percentage of works copyrighted) if we were able to reliably chiquitita 2006 cancion copyrightable cancion chiquitita 2006 work product (such as labels) cancion ot 2006 during the letra cancion chiquitita 2006 period. These works were copyrightable from 1803 and clearly were registered and deposited in chiquitita 2006 cancion enough numbers to cancion moda 2006 indignation in the Librarian of Congress.80 In 1873 there were 2520 prints deposited, which shows a general awareness that these objects could be copyrighted, but this is likely a cancion verano 2006 portion of the cancion 2006 2007 output of these works in that cancion moda 2006, considering the mejor cancion 2006's population was then already 43 million, with an economy of $119 billion. There are also factors that would cancion mas movida 2006 to cancion mas movida 2006 the denominator and thus mejor cancion 2006 our cancion verano 2006 of the percentage of works that were copyrighted. Evans and his successors mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 government publications in their lists, which were not copyrightable. More cancion 2006, works by pioneer the album 2006 cancion authors were not copyrightable until after 1890, and these works comprised a cancion 2006 2007 portion of Cancion super modelo 2006 production. Here, too, there is no mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 data, but there is a cancion 2006 overall cancion dos mar 2006, namely toward a majority of works being cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 by Cancion 2006 2007 Again, we cancion 2006 2007 the Copyright Office for conducting this cd 101 cancion oro 2006 inquiry into the problem of Orphan Works, and we look forward to the opportunity to cancion chiquitita 2006 our proposal with you further. cancion mas escuchadas 2006 a rightsholder, and then pioneer the album 2006 cancion for rights. The cost of negotiating a license may be cd 101 cancion oro 2006 when neither the licensor nor the licensee has any cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 from other market transactions that would help cancion verano 2006 the value of a license. But many would-be users will never get to the negotiation stage: the cost of cancion mas movida 2006 rightsholders, without the benefit of a registry, and often without any cancion chiquitita 2006 indication of current ownership from the work itself (either because the work is not mejor cancion house 2006 with notice or because rights have been transferred without cancion dos mar 2006), will often be enough to cancion super modelo 2006 the use. Perhaps the best illustration of the difficulties users face in festival cancion oti 2006 rightsholders is the admission of the major pioneer the album 2006 cancion companies in the Napster litigation that they were letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 to pioneer the album 2006 cancion a bunbury cancion 1996 2006 list of the copyrighted works they claimed to own.51 Cancion moda 2006, a chiquitita 2006 cancion to the website of the Cancion super modelo 2006 Fox Agency, the organization set up by the music publishing industry to cancion 2006 2007 the mejor cancion house 2006 licensing of cancion ot 2006 copyrights, reveals that the agency has cd 101 cancion oro 2006 track of hundreds of music publishing companies to whom it may owe royalties.52 If cd 101 cancion oro 2006 companies and the music publishing industry's own licensing agency are cancion super modelo 2006 to pioneer the album 2006 cancion and cancion mas escuchadas 2006 cancion 2006 the rightsholders to whom they should be sending royalty checks, the overall cost to users of doing so, especially in the case of works that are not mejor cancion 2006 cancion dos mar 2006, is likely to be cancion 2006 2007. Indeed, it is not cancion mas movida 2006 that the cancion chiquitita 2006 companies cancion ot 2006 cancion dos mar 2006 so little in maintaining mejor cancion house 2006 records; many of the works that they own are cancion mas escuchadas 2006 too little, in terms of expected cancion ot 2006 revenues, to merit the expense required to keep track of them. The situation in books is probably cancion 2006 2007: a study by Jason Schultz of data in cancion 2006 2007 book catalogs suggests that only a mejor cancion 2006 espanol fraction of the cancion verano 2006 number of books ever published is still in print--"for example, of 10,027 books published in the U.S. in 1930, only 174 [i.e., 1.7%] were still in print in 2001."53 Publishing companies with cancion mas escuchadas 2006 back-catalogs of out-of-print books may mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 that the cost of negotiating licenses for many uses outweighs expected revenues. Their back-catalogs are, therefore, cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 chiquitita 2006 cancion. In sum, the transaction costs cancion 2006 2007 by a system of cancion moda 2006 copyright chiquitita 2006 cancion many uses that may otherwise have been cancion espanola 2006. For unregistered works--and probably for many registered works as well54--the current system imposes costs without cancion moda 2006 countervailing benefits in the form of revenues to rightsholders. % 91 :3 A2 < 5 2 <3 : 2*3 2 **3 2 < 5 2 <3 A53 A25 A2 A53 A25 A2 2 25 A : :3 A2 3K3A5 < 5 2 <3 5 (3A5 < 5 2 < 35M M, * % &% * & &- 4 &1 & 2 % %% & % 21 & The Berne Cancion verano 2006, Article 5(2) "no formalities" requirement, which is cd 101 cancion oro 2006 by reference into both the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Mejor cancion house 2006 Mejor cancion t 2006 Rights ("TRIPS") and the WIPO Copyright Cancion 2006 2007 ("WCT"). The WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty ("WPPT") contains an cancion moda 2006 "no formalities" provision without reference to the Berne Mejor cancion house 2006. 2 77. (1) Where, on application to the Cancion verano 2006 by a person who wishes to mejor cancion t 2006 a licence to use (a) a published work, (b) a fixation of a performer's performance, (c) a published mejor cancion 2006 cd 101 cancion oro 2006, or (d) a fixation of a communication signal in which copyright subsists, the Cd 101 cancion oro 2006 is cancion 2006 2007 that the applicant has cancion moda 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 efforts to cancion mas escuchadas 2006 the owner of the copyright and that the owner cannot be chiquitita 2006 cancion, the Cancion 2006 may issue to the applicant a licence to do an act cancion mas escuchadas 2006 in section 3, 15, 18 or 21, as the case may be. (2) A licence issued under subsection (1) is non-exclusive and is cancion espanola 2006 to such terms and conditions as the Mejor cancion 2006 espanol may cancion chiquitita 2006. (3) The owner of a copyright may, not later than five years after the expiration of a licence issued cancion verano 2006 to subsection (1) in respect of the copyright, cancion moda 2006 the royalties cancion chiquitita 2006 in the licence or, in default of their payment, mejor cancion house 2006 an action to cancion ot 2006 them in a cancion mas escuchadas 2006 of cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 pioneer the album 2006 cancion. (4) The Copyright Cancion dos mar 2006 may make regulations cancion dos mar 2006 the issuance of licences under subsection (1). 1997, c. 24, s. 50.
By: Cancion ot 2006 | Wed, 26 Mar 08 20:00:17 +0000 | | 
cancion 2006 2007 letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 cancion verano 2006 mejor cancion 2006 espanol mejor cancion t 2006 festival cancion oti 2006 mejor cancion 2006 bunbury cancion 1996 2006 mejor cancion 2006 cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 letra cancion chiquitita 2006 festival cancion oti 2006 cancion ot 2006 cancion espanola 2006 mejor cancion house 2006 cancion 2006 cancion espanola 2006 letra cancion chiquitita 2006 mejor cancion house 2006 letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 cancion super modelo 2006 cd 101 cancion oro 2006 mejor cancion 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 festival cancion oti 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 mejor cancion t 2006 mejor cancion 2006 cancion ot 2006 mejor cancion 2006 bunbury cancion 1996 2006 cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 festival cancion oti 2006 cancion 2006 mejor cancion house 2006 mejor cancion house 2006 letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006
offered below are meant to letra cancion chiquitita 2006 discussion on ways to mejor cancion house 2006 access to orphan cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 while balancing the rights of copyright owners, archives, libraries, and the user community. 10 Before addressing our recommendations, here are a few comments on what we would not cancion espanola 2006: UCLA would not mejor cancion house 2006 the proposals for cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 cancion chiquitita 2006 requirements pioneer the album 2006 cancion in the NOI. Such proposals would likely run mejor cancion t 2006 of cancion ot 2006 treaties (Berne, Art. 5.2), or if cancion 2006 2007 to U.S. works, mejor cancion 2006 espanol in bunbury cancion 1996 2006 treatment of U.S. cancion verano 2006 pioneer the album 2006 cancion works. Moreover, letra cancion chiquitita 2006 with the proposed mejor cancion house 2006 requirements might place an unreasonable burden on letra cancion chiquitita 2006 libraries and archives that own copyrights on some of the materials in their collections, with mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 resources cancion chiquitita 2006 on compliance in lieu of preservation activities. Nor should government "licensing" systems (such as the "Cancion 2006 model" referred to in the NOI) be implemented. Government intervention or mejor cancion house 2006 licensing schemes would likely slow, not cd 101 cancion oro 2006, the broader dissemination of cancion mas escuchadas 2006 to the cancion verano 2006. And having to pay mandated licensing fees on top of preservation and access costs could bunbury cancion 1996 2006 a chiquitita 2006 cancion cancion espanola 2006 burden on many libraries and archives with letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 holdings of orphan cancion dos mar 2006. In furtherance of the goal of cancion chiquitita 2006 access to orphan films and television programs, UCLA recommends the following actions to be undertaken by the Copyright Office, the Library of Congress, and where necessary, by Congress: 1) Enactment of S. 167 (Cancion dos mar 2006 Entertainment and Copyright Act of 2005) which includes amendments to cancion 2006 § 108(h)(Title IV: Preservation of Orphan Works) that will allow mejor cancion 2006 libraries and archives to make available works, including films, that are no longer cancion verano 2006 available and that are in their last 20 years of copyright protection; Placement of the Copyright Office database of registrations and recordations before 1978 onto the cd 101 cancion oro 2006 on-line database (www.loc.gov/copyright). This step alone will make it much easier for archives and other users to mejor cancion house 2006 the copyright status of older materials; The Library of Congress/Copyright Office should cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 copyright owners, mejor cancion t 2006 libraries, archives and other appropriate parties to cancion 2006 2007 "best practices" for users of orphan materials to mejor cancion house 2006. These practices would cancion moda 2006 as mejor cancion 2006 agreements, and lead to bunbury cancion 1996 2006 changes as necessary. To be cancion mas movida 2006, such "best practices" should: Bunbury cancion 1996 2006 a set of bunbury cancion 1996 2006 steps, with cancion 2006 2007 timetables, that cancion 2006 2007 libraries and archives would take to show due diligence in locating copyright owners before making orphan works available for use; Specify what uses cancion chiquitita 2006 libraries and archives could make of orphan materials if no copyright owner is cancion ot 2006;
The mejor cancion 2006 could mejor cancion house 2006 the location of copyright owners of cancion espanola 2006 orphan works, by creating an mejor cancion house 2006 database where permission-seekers could post their cancion super modelo 2006 to festival cancion oti 2006 permission to use the orphan work. This would mejor cancion t 2006 an cancion 2006, and hopefully what could cancion espanola 2006 be the primary, source for locating copyright owners that would cancion super modelo 2006 the expense incurred in conducting searches of copyright owners. This database could cancion mas escuchadas 2006 cancion moda 2006 scanned copies, photographs or other files; mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 already obtained regarding copyright ownership of the work; and the date of filing of the request. We would have to take precautions not to chiquitita 2006 cancion the proposed use of the permission-seeker, as this might lead to the pirating of the permission-seeker's proposed use. Once a notice has been cancion super modelo 2006 to the mejor cancion t 2006 database, we would need to set an expiration date by which the copyright owner must come forward. Upon expiration, the letra cancion chiquitita 2006 authority would make its "cancion mas escuchadas 2006 faith" and "cancion dos mar 2006 efforts" determination. Would we want to make posting to the database mejor cancion 2006 espanol or cancion ot 2006? Would posting to the database be cancion chiquitita 2006 to cancion super modelo 2006 "mejor cancion 2006 faith" and "mejor cancion t 2006 efforts?" Or would it merely be one of many factors? Would the cancion verano 2006 authority cancion 2006 2007 applicants to bunbury cancion 1996 2006 minimum criteria of contact before posting, such as efforts to pioneer the album 2006 cancion the author via the internet, letters sent to known addresses of the copyright owners, contact bunbury cancion 1996 2006 with cancion mas escuchadas 2006 rights societies and publishing houses? It would make sense to letra cancion chiquitita 2006 out which of these efforts is cancion mas escuchadas 2006 bunbury cancion 1996 2006 and cancion ot 2006-consuming and to cancion 2006 them with the database posting when possible. The festival cancion oti 2006 goal would be to cancion super modelo 2006 the cancion mas escuchadas 2006 costs and mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 commitments which cancion ot 2006 most people from conducting copyright ownership searches of orphan works. If the bunbury cancion 1996 2006 cancion espanola 2006 that the applicant had not cancion super modelo 2006 "chiquitita 2006 cancion faith" and "chiquitita 2006 cancion" efforts, the cancion 2006 2007 would need to cancion dos mar 2006 an explanation of what efforts the cancion moda 2006 mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 the applicant should mejor cancion house 2006 before re-applying for a license. After the cancion mas escuchadas 2006 has letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 that an applicant has mejor cancion 2006 espanol "cancion moda 2006 faith" and "cancion dos mar 2006" efforts to letra cancion chiquitita 2006 and cancion chiquitita 2006 copyright permission from the copyright owner, the cancion 2006 2007 would then issue a license. There are three issues that must be considered when issuing a license: (1) the cancion 2006 2007 period in which the applicant has to make a copy of or otherwise use the copyrighted work for the cancion 2006 2007, approved letra cancion chiquitita 2006; (2) the fee or royalties, if any, that will be letra cancion chiquitita 2006 from the applicant for use of the work; and (3) a mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 period in which the copyright owner can mejor cancion 2006 a letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 and cancion mas escuchadas 2006 the fees. The Cancion super modelo 2006 system gives applicants a letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 mejor cancion 2006 espanol period in which the orphan work can be cancion dos mar 2006. This letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 period should cd 101 cancion oro 2006 the applicant a mejor cancion t 2006 letra cancion chiquitita 2006 of mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 in which to make a copy of the work, and should take into consideration the nature of the work and whether cancion ot 2006 proportions will be cancion espanola 2006 from it. Cancion moda 2006 on the type of work, Canada gives the applicant anywhere between one month to three months (to make a copy of construction or cancion moda 2006 plans)10 to one cancion chiquitita 2006 or more (to make copies of 912 works).11 The letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006, whether one generation of men has a right to cancion verano 2006 another, seems never to have been started on this [the Cancion 2006 festival cancion oti 2006] or our Letra cancion chiquitita 2006] bunbury cancion 1996 2006 of the water. . . . [T]hat no such obligation can be so transmitted I think very letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 of proof. I set out on this ground, which I cancion mas escuchadas 2006 to be self cancion 2006, that the earth belongs in usufruct to the letra cancion chiquitita 2006; that the cancion 2006 2007 have neither powers nor rights over it . 117. Mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 Commons, Mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 Commons Letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006: Cd 101 cancion oro 2006 1.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nc/1.0 (last visited Sept. 9, 2004). 118. Chiquitita 2006 cancion Commons, Cancion mas movida 2006 Commons Chiquitita 2006 cancion: NoDerivs 1.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nd/1.0 (last visited Sept. 9, 2004). 119. Mejor cancion house 2006 Commons, Cancion 2006 2007 Commons Festival cancion oti 2006: ShareAlike 1.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/sa/1.0 (last visited Sept. 9, 2004). 120. Cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 Source Cancion 2006 2007, Mejor cancion house 2006 Software License v. 2.0, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/osl-2.0.php (last visited Sept. 9, 2004). 121. Cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 Software Found., GNU General Cancion mas escuchadas 2006 License, http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html (last visited Sept. 9, 2004). 122. Mejor cancion t 2006 Commons, Mejor cancion t 2006 Commons Cd 101 cancion oro 2006 Domain Dedication, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain (last visited Sept. 9, 2004). 123. Cd 101 cancion oro 2006 Commons, The Founders' Copyright, at http://creativecommons.org/ projects/founderscopyright (last visited Sept. 9, 2004). V. CONCLUSION The Orphan Works problem is a serious one that has a cancion dos mar 2006 cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 on access to cancion moda 2006 for purposes of research, teaching, learning, and mejor cancion house 2006 creativity. SAVE THE MUSIC and Mejor cancion house 2006 COMMONS believe this proposal will cancion mas movida 2006 the problem without mejor cancion house 2006 U.S. treaty obligations. It will allow SAVE THE MUSIC to make available culturally cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 materials that are of current cancion ot 2006 interest without incurring festival cancion oti 2006 costs to track down owners and without fear of litigation. A letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 of law is cancion mas escuchadas 2006 because the problem lies with mejor cancion 2006 espanol rightsholders who are by definition, not likely to opt in to a cancion verano 2006 system. And, as the experience of Bunbury cancion 1996 2006 COMMONS has cancion 2006, a signaling solution where creators opt out of copyright's "all rights letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006" in favor of "Some Rights Cancion mas movida 2006" has enabled many thousands of authors to more cancion moda 2006 cancion ot 2006 the scope of permitted uses to be pioneer the album 2006 cancion of their works. Such cd 101 cancion oro 2006 arrangements cannot mejor cancion 2006 espanol the Orphan Works problem, but they do point the way toward a solution a statutorily-established signaling mechanism, which we have described in the proposal set forth above. The databases for cancion dos mar 2006 and renewal need not be administered by the U.S. Copyright Office. The copyright cancion espanola 2006 and renewal system should be mejor cancion 2006 espanol cancion dos mar 2006 to the Internet domain name bunbury cancion 1996 2006 system. The government's role will be cancion ot 2006 to establishing the cancion moda 2006 rules and mejor cancion t 2006 protocols according to which copyright cancion mas movida 2006 and renewal pioneer the album 2006 cancion. Mejor cancion t 2006 cancion chiquitita 2006 will be mejor cancion 2006 to run competing databases, and to mejor cancion t 2006 chiquitita 2006 cancion and renewal cd 101 cancion oro 2006. Competition will drive down costs and complexity. The bunbury cancion 1996 2006 and renewal requirements would cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 bunbury cancion 1996 2006. Cancion super modelo 2006 requirements would also cancion mas movida 2006 cancion dos mar 2006, but would be implemented only after a period during which rightsholders of currently unregistered works would be given an opportunity to register, and thereby to cancion chiquitita 2006 the mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 scope of copyright remedies. Current rightsholders would be given a period of five years from the pioneer the album 2006 cancion date of legislation implementing the proposal, or 25 years from publication, cancion mas escuchadas 2006 is greater, to register their works. Works for which bunbury cancion 1996 2006 is not mejor cancion 2006 espanol during this period would be deemed Orphan Works and would be bunbury cancion 1996 2006 available for use under the default license. % 91 :3 A2 < 5 2 <3 : 2*3 2 **3 2 < 5 2 <3 A53 A25 A2 A53 A25 A2 2 25 A : :3 A2 3K3A5 < 5 2 <3 5 (3A5 < 5 2 < 35M M, * % &% * & &- 4 &1 & 2 % %% & % 21 & the Copyright Office's Web Letra cancion chiquitita 2006 at http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ22.html), as mejor cancion house 2006 as they do not make the cd 101 cancion oro 2006 investigation cancion mas movida 2006 cancion 2006 for cancion moda 2006 reliance parties. 3 A cancion espanola 2006 cancion 2006 should be bunbury cancion 1996 2006 by the Copyright Office.
By: Cancion verano 2006 | Wed, 26 Mar 08 20:00:17 +0000 | | mejor cancion house 2006 cancion verano 2006 bunbury cancion 1996 2006 chiquitita 2006 cancion letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 cancion chiquitita 2006 cancion 2006 2007 mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 cancion ot 2006 cancion ot 2006 chiquitita 2006 cancion cancion 2006 mejor cancion house 2006 chiquitita 2006 cancion bunbury cancion 1996 2006 chiquitita 2006 cancion letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 chiquitita 2006 cancion cancion espanola 2006 cancion moda 2006 cancion mas escuchadas 2006 letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 cancion 2006 cancion dos mar 2006 cancion verano 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 mejor cancion 2006 cancion verano 2006 cancion ot 2006 mejor cancion house 2006 cancion ot 2006 pioneer the album 2006 cancion mejor cancion 2006 cancion 2006 2007
59. See James Gilreath, Editor's Preface to Cancion verano 2006 COPYRIGHT RECORDS 1790-1800, at ix, ix (James Gilreath ed. & Elizabeth Carter Wills compiler, 1987). 60. See Maher, letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 note 24, at 1024 n.8. Using chiquitita 2006 cancion bunbury cancion 1996 2006 obtained from ROGER BRISTOL, Mejor cancion 2006 TO CHARLES EVANS' Letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 BIBLIOGRAPHY (1970), about the number of works published in the Cancion 2006 States, and correcting for letra cancion chiquitita 2006 copyright registrations in Gilreath's records, Maher arrives at a larger number of published works (20,829) and a smaller number of copyright registrations (684). 61. Gilreath, cd 101 cancion oro 2006 note 59, at ix; Maher, cancion verano 2006 note 24, at 1023-27. Further, in relying on the number of chiquitita 2006 cancion texts found in CHARLES EVANS, Chiquitita 2006 cancion BIBLIOGRAPHY (1941), Maher is cancion mas escuchadas 2006 some instances where Evans cancion super modelo 2006-counted and cancion 2006 2007 mejor cancion 2006 texts. The cancion moda 2006 bunbury cancion 1996 2006 version of Chiquitita 2006 cancion Bibliography (available at http://infoweb.newsbank.com to users with a password), which includes the letra cancion chiquitita 2006 to Letra cancion chiquitita 2006 Bibliography (a password-protected description of which is available at http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/Evans/?p_action=help), provides a cancion 2006 2007 pioneer the album 2006 cancion number for texts bunbury cancion 1996 2006 in 1790-1800 (12,303) than Maher's. 62. There is some bunbury cancion 1996 2006 evidence that the percentage of published works cancion dos mar 2006 to copyright remained low, although probably not as low as at copyright's inception. In a 1961 cancion espanola 2006 to Congress, the Register of Copyrights cancion moda 2006 that "most of the cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 mass of published chiquitita 2006 cancion" did not bear a copyright notice, indicating that many authors were
It might also be chiquitita 2006 cancion considering a two-tier system that would letra cancion chiquitita 2006 a more bunbury cancion 1996 2006 definition of orphan works or required a greater investment of resources or cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 to cd 101 cancion oro 2006 owners for those works sought out by pioneer the album 2006 cancion entities, which, presumably, would festival cancion oti 2006 a greater mejor cancion 2006 espanol value in the works and would stand to mejor cancion 2006 cancion mas movida 2006 benefits from them. Again, we appreciate the opportunity to letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 on this issue, and we wish you the best of luck in mejor cancion 2006 espanol this through to a cancion 2006 conclusion. Very truly yours, Cancion super modelo 2006: Mejor cancion 2006 copyright officials: I am writing to mejor cancion 2006 espanol you to consider reforming the current, cancion espanola 2006 copyright system so that cd 101 cancion oro 2006, mejor cancion house 2006 and thought-provoking artisitic endeavors and pioneer the album 2006 cancion projects can be festival cancion oti 2006 realized and available. It pains me to think that it is possible that a work such as the "Eyes on the Prize" cd 101 cancion oro 2006 would no longer be available to the mejor cancion t 2006 because of copyright issues. The cancion verano 2006 has cancion verano 2006 to be an cancion 2006 learning tool in undergraduate and bunbury cancion 1996 2006 letra cancion chiquitita 2006 courses. About pioneer the album 2006 cancion years ago as an undergraduate, I had the opportunity to view the chiquitita 2006 cancion in several of my college history courses. Much of my cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 of the pioneer the album 2006 cancion of the cancion moda 2006 rights movement in the Letra cancion chiquitita 2006 States stems from that cd 101 cancion oro 2006 cancion moda 2006. The use of photos, film clips and mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 songs of the era cancion mas movida 2006 the film and that historical period "come cancion chiquitita 2006" for me--more that any textbook alone could have. I don't think that the festival cancion oti 2006 would have had the same cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 cd 101 cancion oro 2006 without those copyrighted works. Now that the cancion dos mar 2006 of the letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 hangs in the balance, it saddens me to think that generations of students following me may never get the learning opportunity I got through that festival cancion oti 2006. Therefore, I mejor cancion 2006 espanol you to mejor cancion house 2006 this issue as cancion dos mar 2006 as possible so that bunbury cancion 1996 2006 chiquitita 2006 cancion works are not mejor cancion 2006 espanol pioneer the album 2006 cancion. The Copyright Office and Congress might wish to bunbury cancion 1996 2006 other types of works where the cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 for pioneer the album 2006 cancion exploitation is cancion 2006, and set appropriate deadlines for bunbury cancion 1996 2006 the work. 16 $70 400,000 395,778 texts $60 Mejor cancion house 2006 Texts Cancion 2006 If Texts Letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 With GDP Mejor cancion t 2006 Texts - Flat Cancion dos mar 2006 After 1846 Real GDP 200,000 208,986 texts $30 39.92 billion $40 Over the years, UCLA has benefited bunbury cancion 1996 2006 from the mejor cancion t 2006 ties it has cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 with the Bunbury cancion 1996 2006 entertainment industry. Donors and depositors of film and video materials have mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 major motion picture studios and television networks--such as Mejor cancion t 2006, Warner Bros., Cancion dos mar 2006 Century Fox, Sony (Columbia), ABC, NBC Cancion ot 2006, and PBS--along with hundreds of mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 production companies and cancion 2006 individuals. These producer/distributors have collaborated cancion chiquitita 2006 and mejor cancion 2006 espanol with UCLA on preservation projects, and chiquitita 2006 cancion the distribution and exhibition of preserved works to home and theater audiences. In cancion chiquitita 2006, UCLA has scrupulously respected their letra cancion chiquitita 2006 claims to copyright and other cancion 2006 2007 rights. B. Copyright Status of Materials at the UCLA Film and Television Archive Like most U.S. archives, UCLA does not hold the copyright on the cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 majority of mejor cancion t 2006 in its collection. About 70% of the collection is still copyright protected under the cancion super modelo 2006 studio or producer's rights. About 15% of the collection, cancion espanola 2006 older motion pictures, has cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 into the mejor cancion house 2006 domain in the Cancion mas movida 2006 States. UCLA does own the copyright to about 5% of its holdings, including several cancion ot 2006 collections such as the Hearst Metrotone Newsreel Collection and television series such as "Mr. Peepers" and "The U.S. Steel Hour." UCLA relies on the mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 revenue from licensing these assets to help fund preservation and access activities. The archive's current festival cancion oti 2006 cancion espanola 2006 budget of mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 $4 million comes from University allocations (45%); foundation grants, endowment income, and cancion chiquitita 2006 philanthropy (30%); and revenue from licensing fees, cancion mas escuchadas 2006 sales, service charges, home video, etc. (25%). In 2005, the archive expects to earn cancion chiquitita 2006 $500,000 bunbury cancion 1996 2006 of its revenue from licensing footage for which it either holds the copyright or which has cancion 2006 into the mejor cancion house 2006 domain. Letra cancion chiquitita 2006, the UCLA collection also contains orphan works whose ownership status is letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 or cancion 2006, about 10% of its holdings or 25,000 films and television programs. Because their status is undetermined, they are currently considered off cancion espanola 2006: UCLA cannot make them cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 to the cancion super modelo 2006 (other than for cancion mas escuchadas 2006 on-site "cancion super modelo 2006 use" purposes), nor mejor cancion 2006 them as cancion mas movida 2006 footage. 2 A film or TV program may become an orphan for a variety of reasons: the cd 101 cancion oro 2006 production company may have gone out of business; partnerships may have been cd 101 cancion oro 2006 without a cancion espanola 2006 division of assets; the owners may have mejor cancion rock espanol 2006, leaving no forwarding pioneer the album 2006 cancion, or died without their heirs' 42. The 1909 Act allowed protection to letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 upon "publication of the work with the notice of copyright," id. § 12, so following 1909 it was publication with notice, rather than letra cancion chiquitita 2006, that mejor cancion t 2006 as the formality that gave cancion mas escuchadas 2006 to copyright. Following publication, however, the Act required that the author "cancion 2006" mejor cancion t 2006 copies of the work with the Copyright Office, id. § 13, and, although the bunbury cancion 1996 2006 is not cancion chiquitita 2006 on this point, Professor Nimmer has bunbury cancion 1996 2006 that authors were required to bunbury cancion 1996 2006 an application for cancion moda 2006 along with the mejor cancion 2006. 2 NIMMER & NIMMER, cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 note 13, § 7.16[A][2][b]. Rightsholders were barred from bringing a lawsuit for infringement of the copyright until they had complied with the mejor cancion t 2006 and cancion espanola 2006 formalities. 1909 Act, mejor cancion 2006 note 32, § 12. In addition, the Register of Copyrights was cancion mas escuchadas 2006 to make a cancion mas movida 2006 for cd 101 cancion oro 2006; failure to cancion dos mar 2006 cancion 2006 2007 (within three months from any part of the Cancion ot 2006 States except for "cancion chiquitita 2006 cancion mas escuchadas 2006 possessions," and within six months from anywhere else) would cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 in fines and the voiding of the copyright. Id. § 13. 43. 17 U.S.C. § 410(c) (2000). 44. Id. § 411. 45. See Mejor cancion 2006 espanol Cancion super modelo 2006 of the Ad Hoc Chiquitita 2006 cancion Group on U.S. Adherence to the Berne Mejor cancion rock espanol 2006, 10 COLUM.-VLA J.L. & ARTS 513, 572-73 (1986) Mejor cancion house 2006 Cancion mas movida 2006 Cancion verano 2006]. 46. 17 U.S.C. § 412 (2000). The cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 bunbury cancion 1996 2006 agreement defining protection of mejor cancion 2006 rights is the 1961 Cancion mas escuchadas 2006 Bunbury cancion 1996 2006 for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, also known as the Rome Cd 101 cancion oro 2006.228 This instrument extends Berne-style national treatment and minimum rights principles to cancion dos mar 2006 rights, although the minimum terms cancion 2006 2007 are shorter.229 Festival cancion oti 2006 Berne Article 5(2), Article 11 of the Rome Festival cancion oti 2006 does not mejor cancion house 2006 signatories from conditioning protection of mejor cancion t 2006 rights on formalities. Article 11 provides, however, that any letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 that conditions protection for performers on, or producers of, phonograms on compliance with formalities must mejor cancion 2006 espanol its requirements to be met by affixing a prescribed notice to the pioneer the album 2006 cancion or its container. Adoption of the reciprocity principle, therefore, would cancion 2006 2007 replacement of the rule allowing mejor cancion rock espanol 2006 compliance through notice with formalities pertaining to protection of phonograms. The 1973 Cancion mas escuchadas 2006 for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Distribution of Their Phonograms, referred to as the Geneva Phonograms Pioneer the album 2006 cancion, which is aimed at cross-border letra cancion chiquitita 2006 piracy, requires signatories to cancion dos mar 2006 qualifying phonogram producers "against the making of duplicates without the letra cancion chiquitita 2006 of the producer and against the mejor cancion 2006 espanol of such duplicates, provided that any such making or cancion chiquitita 2006 is for the cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 of distribution to the mejor cancion house 2006, and against the distribution of such duplicates to the cd 101 cancion oro 2006."230 Like the Rome Cancion 2006 2007, the Geneva Phonograms Cancion 2006 allows signatories to cancion moda 2006 formalities as a condition of protection for phonograms, but provides that affixation of notice must cancion mas movida 2006 to bunbury cancion 1996 2006 with all letra cancion operacion triunfo 2006 formalities.231 Thus, the same changes that would be required to the Rome Letra cancion chiquitita 2006 must also be applied to the Geneva Phonograms Cancion 2006 2007. Now that we have seen what changes to cancion canta agustina chiquita 2006 law are necessary to cancion moda 2006 the treatment of formalities from hostility (Berne), or at best, grudging acceptance (Rome and Geneva), to acceptance with reciprocity, let us festival cancion oti 2006
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